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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

27.0K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
27.0K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.3K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.3K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

2.0K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
2.0K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.7K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.7K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.1K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.1K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.1K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
1.1K

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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

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Crystal-Phase Engineering in Heterogeneous Catalysis.

Jian-Wen Zhao1, Hong-Yue Wang1, Li Feng1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, iChem, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Chemical Reviews
|December 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Catalyst performance in heterogeneous catalysis depends on electronic and geometric structures. Crystal-phase engineering offers a strategy to optimize catalysts by controlling atomic arrangements and surface features for improved activity and selectivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis performance relies on material electronic and geometric structures.
  • The Sabatier principle guides catalyst design via composition-induced electronic structure modification.
  • Catalyst surface features (terraces, edges, steps) significantly influence reaction activity and selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dependence of catalytic performance on crystal phases in heterogeneous catalysis.
  • To elucidate challenges in understanding catalyst-crystal phase relationships at the molecular level.
  • To provide insights for improved catalyst design through crystal-phase engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on crystal-phase engineering in catalysis.
  • Analysis of the impact of geometric atomic structures on catalytic activity and selectivity.
  • Assessment of molecular-level insights into active sites across different crystal phases.

Main Results:

  • Crystal-phase engineering alters electronic and geometric configurations, affecting coordination numbers and surface atom arrangements.
  • Modulating crystallographic phase is key for enhancing catalyst stability, activity, and selectivity.
  • A comprehensive molecular-level understanding of active sites across crystal phases is currently lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding crystal phase effects is crucial for advancing heterogeneous catalysis.
  • Crystal-phase engineering presents a powerful strategy for optimizing catalyst performance.
  • Further research is needed to bridge the gap in molecular-level understanding of active sites for targeted catalyst design.