Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...

Birth Control Methods

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents

The gastric mucosa produces prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), crucial in maintaining gastric health. They exert cytoprotective effects, including increasing bicarbonate secretion, releasing protective mucin, reducing gastric acid output, and preventing harmful vasoconstriction. These effects are mediated through various receptors, such as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce peptic ulcers by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, decreasing...

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Hormonal contraception and colorectal cancer.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026

Same author

Osteoporosis Update: Personalized Risk Assessment and Treatment.

Journal of women's health (2002)·2026

Same author

Optimizing Sexual Health Care for Cancer Survivors: Evidence-Based Approaches That Respect Patient Autonomy.

JCO oncology practice·2026

Same author

Some combined and progestin-only contraceptives were linked to increased risk for ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction.

Annals of internal medicine·2025

Same author

Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Contraceptive considerations for individuals with cancer and cancer survivors part 3 - Skin, blood, gastrointestinal, liver, lung, central nervous system, and other cancers: Joint with the Society of Gynecologic Oncology.

Contraception·2025

Same author

Society of Family Planning Committee Statement: Contraceptive considerations for individuals with cancer and cancer survivors part 1 - Key considerations for clinical care Joint with the Society of Gynecologic Oncology.

Contraception·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

Published on: December 23, 2022

Adding piroxicam to levonorgestrel increased emergency contraception effectiveness.

¹Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (P.B.).

Annals of Internal Medicine

|December 4, 2023

Summary

This study investigated oral emergency contraception combining levonorgestrel and piroxicam. The combination demonstrated effectiveness, offering a new option for preventing unintended pregnancies.

More Related Videos

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: February 9, 2019

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection

Published on: September 21, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

Published on: December 23, 2022

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: February 9, 2019

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection

Published on: September 21, 2015

Area of Science:

Reproductive medicine
Pharmacology
Clinical trials

Background:

Emergency contraception (EC) is crucial for preventing unintended pregnancies.
Current EC methods include levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA).
Novel EC formulations are needed to improve efficacy and accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral levonorgestrel plus piroxicam as an emergency contraceptive.
To compare the effectiveness of this combination against a placebo.

Main Methods:

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted.
Participants received either levonorgestrel plus piroxicam or a placebo.
Pregnancy rates were assessed at follow-up.

Main Results:

The levonorgestrel plus piroxicam group had a significantly lower pregnancy rate compared to the placebo group.
The combination was well-tolerated with a manageable side effect profile.
Specific efficacy data and safety outcomes were detailed.

Conclusions:

Oral levonorgestrel plus piroxicam is an effective and safe option for emergency contraception.
This combination represents a promising new pharmacological approach to reproductive health.
Further research may explore its widespread clinical application.