Hantaan virus inhibits type I interferon response by targeting RLR signaling pathways through TRIM25

Hantaan virus (HTNV) is responsible for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), primarily due to its ability to inhibit host innate immune responses, such as type I interferon (IFN-I). In this study, we conducted a transcriptome analysis to identify host factors regulated by HTNV nucleocapsid protein (NP) and glycoprotein. Our findings demonstrate that NP and Gc proteins inhibit host IFN-I production by manipulating the retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) pathways. Further analysis reveals that HTNV NP and Gc proteins target upstream molecules of MAVS, such as RIG-I and MDA-5, with Gc exhibiting stronger inhibition of IFN-I responses than NP. Mechanistically, NP and Gc proteins interact with tripartite motif protein 25 (TRIM25) to competitively inhibit its interaction with RIG-I/MDA5, suppressing RLR signaling pathways. Our study unveils a cross-talk between HTNV NP/Gc proteins and host immune response, providing valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanism of HTNV.