In situ microscopy techniques for understanding Li plating and stripping in solid-state batteries

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Battery Technology

Background:

• Solid-state batteries offer potential for rechargeable lithium-metal anodes.
• Challenges in lithium plating and stripping at the solid-state electrolyte interface hinder performance.
• Fundamental understanding is crucial for developing stable solid-state batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review in situ studies on lithium-metal anodes in solid-state batteries.
• To emphasize lithium electrodeposition and dissolution mechanisms at the solid-state electrolyte interface.
• To categorize and summarize current research trends.

Main Methods:

• In situ observation techniques.
• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
• Studies on solid-state electrolytes (SEs) like LiPON and garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12.

Main Results:

• Research categorized into lithium nucleation/growth/dissolution, SE electrochemical reduction, and short-circuit phenomena.
• In situ observations provide insights into interfacial processes.
• Current trends in each research area are summarized.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive overview of lithium-metal anode behavior in solid-state batteries is provided.
• In situ techniques are vital for understanding interfacial challenges.
• Further research is needed to overcome limitations for practical applications.