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Neurocognitive and Reactive Return to Play Testing Protocol in Overhead Athletes Following Upper Extremity Injury.

Kevin E Wilk1,2, Zachary M Thomas3, Robert E Mangine4

  • 1Champion Sports Medicine.

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Summary

Objective testing for upper extremity (UE) injury recovery in athletes should include neurocognitive and reactive assessments. This approach enhances return to play (RTP) readiness and may reduce reinjury rates in baseball and softball players.

Keywords:
UCL injuryneurocognitive trainingrecurrent shoulder instabilityreturn to performance

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Increasing incidence of upper extremity (UE) injuries in young athletes, particularly baseball and softball players.
  • Current return to play (RTP) criteria (time, strength, ROM) inadequately reflect dynamic sport demands.
  • UE injuries can lead to neuroplastic changes, affecting proprioception and motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the use of reactive neurocognitive UE tests for RTP readiness.
  • To provide reference values for these tests in overhead athletes.
  • To enhance athlete confidence, performance, and reduce reinjury rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Blaze Pod light system for reactive neurocognitive testing.
  • Developed a series of tests for high school and collegiate baseball/softball players.
  • Focused on dual-tasking, concentration, and reactive abilities.

Main Results:

  • Proposed a dynamic, reactive testing battery for UE RTP assessment.
  • Highlighted the need for objective, sport-specific readiness evaluation.
  • Emphasized the potential of neurocognitive and reactive testing to improve outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Reactive neurocognitive testing offers a more comprehensive assessment of UE RTP readiness.
  • This approach may decrease reinjury rates by evaluating athletes in sport-simulating conditions.
  • Improved readiness assessment can lead to greater athlete confidence and performance.