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Related Concept Videos

Impulse01:13

Impulse

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the total...
Types of Collisions - II01:19

Types of Collisions - II

When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
Elastic Collisions: Case Study01:15

Elastic Collisions: Case Study

Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...
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Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
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The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
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Head and Neck Injuries among Powered Scooter Users between 2010 and 2019.

Luke P Trapp1, Nitin Sukumar2, Robert T Cristel3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

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Powered scooters, like electric scooters, are increasingly popular but pose health risks. Head and neck injuries from powered scooters now exceed those from unpowered scooters in adults, with higher severity.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health and Injury Prevention
  • Transportation Safety
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Personal transportation devices, including powered scooters (e-scooters), have surged in popularity.
  • The health implications, particularly head and neck injuries, associated with powered scooters remain under-researched.
  • Understanding injury trends is crucial for developing targeted safety interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the annual increase in powered scooter-related head and neck injuries from 2010 to 2019.
  • To compare the frequency and severity of injuries between powered and unpowered scooters.
  • To analyze injury trends across different age groups (adults vs. children).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study utilizing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database.
  • Analysis of head and neck injuries associated with powered and unpowered scooters from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019.
  • Estimation of nationwide injury totals based on reported cases.

Main Results:

  • An estimated 54,036 powered scooter and 168,265 unpowered scooter injuries occurred nationwide between 2010-2019.
  • Powered scooter injuries increased for all ages since 2014, surpassing unpowered scooter injuries in 2019.
  • In 2019, adults sustained more severe head and neck injuries from powered scooters than children (13.3% vs. 5.2%).

Conclusions:

  • Powered scooters are associated with a greater number and severity of head and neck injuries in adults compared to children.
  • Despite the rise of powered scooters, unpowered scooters still cause more head and neck injuries in the pediatric population.
  • The findings highlight an emerging public health concern regarding powered scooter safety, particularly for adults.