Eagle syndrome: An updated review

Area of Science:

• Vascular Surgery
• Neurology
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Vascular Eagle syndrome (ES) is characterized by misleading clinical presentations.
• Understanding its diverse manifestations and therapeutic strategies is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current literature and clinical experience on vascular ES.
• To elucidate effective therapeutic approaches for vascular ES.

Main Methods:

• Literature search on PubMed (2017-2022) using keywords related to vascular ES and styloid syndrome.
• Analysis of 38 vascular ES cases, including clinical presentations and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

• Hemiparesis was the most frequent presentation (57%) in vascular ES.
• Massive oral bleeding is a rare but significant clinical manifestation.
• Treatment strategies included antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulation, carotid artery stenting, and styloid process resection.

Conclusions:

• Vascular ES requires a comprehensive treatment strategy.
• Endovascular internal carotid artery stenting combined with antiplatelet therapy is recommended.
• Surgical removal of the elongated styloid process is advised post-stenting to prevent complications.