Protein profile pattern analysis: A multifarious, in vitro diagnosis technique for universal screening.

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Medical Diagnostics
• Bioinformatics

Background:

• Rising global populations and life expectancy increase the burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases.
• There is a critical need for accessible and cost-effective healthcare technologies to manage global health challenges.
• Liquid biopsy, analyzing body fluids non-invasively, is a promising technology for widespread healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the current status of two liquid biopsy approaches for disease detection.
• To compare these approaches for their suitability in achieving universal healthcare.
• To evaluate the potential of liquid biopsy in making healthcare more accessible and affordable.

Main Methods:

• Approach 1: Identifying specific disease markers using Mass Spectroscopy (SELDI-MS, MALDI-MS), immunoassays (ELISA), and separation techniques (2-D PAGE, SDS-PAGE, CE).
• Approach 2: Utilizing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC/UPLC) for protein separation and Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (MI) for pattern analysis without specific marker identification.
• Comparative analysis of the two approaches based on cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and diagnostic accuracy for universal healthcare.

Main Results:

• The study outlines the methodologies and current advancements in both marker-specific identification and AI-driven proteomic profiling via liquid biopsy.
• A comparison highlights the strengths and limitations of each approach concerning their application in resource-limited settings.
• The findings provide insights into which liquid biopsy strategy may be more viable for broad implementation in universal healthcare systems.

Conclusions:

• Liquid biopsy presents a viable strategy for advancing universal healthcare through minimally invasive diagnostics.
• Both marker-specific and AI-driven approaches show potential, with differences in complexity and data requirements.
• Further development and validation are crucial to optimize liquid biopsy techniques for equitable global health access.