Impact of Tinted Lenses on Contrast Sensitivity, Color Vision, and Visual Reaction Time in Young Adults

Background Visual performance relies on essential functions such as contrast sensitivity, color vision, and visual reaction time. While studies have suggested that tinted lenses can enhance these visual functions, their effects on specific aspects remain insufficiently explored. Understanding the potential benefits and implications of tinted lenses is crucial for prescription considerations. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the influence of tinted lenses on visual functions in young emmetropic adults. Methodology This prospective, cross-sectional study, approved by the institutional research and ethics committee, encompassed three key assessments, namely, contrast sensitivity using the Pelli-Robson chart, color vision with the D-15 test, and visual reaction time utilizing the Hit-the-dots method. The study involved 100 participants aged 18-30 years with normal vision, while individuals with color vision deficiencies, refractive errors, amblyopia, and strabismus were excluded. Assessments were conducted both with and without blue, yellow, brown, and gray-tinted lenses. Contrast sensitivity was quantified in logMAR units, color vision was evaluated using a color disc arrangement, and visual reaction time was measured with a 30-second reaction test employing an Asus Vivo Book. Data were analyzed using Friedman's two-way analysis of variance by ranks, and specific differences were identified through the Dunn-Bonferroni method. Results The average age of the participants was 22.8 (2.8) years, with all participants exhibiting distance visual acuity of 6/6 and near visual acuity of N6. Contrast sensitivity values were consistent at 2.00 logMAR, indicating good contrast sensitivity, irrespective of the presence of tinted lenses. Notably, among the participants, yellow tint 50 (50%) emerged as the preferred choice for visualizing low-contrast optotypes. Friedman's test revealed significant differences in color vision and visual reaction time between normal and tinted lenses (p < 0.001). The Dunn-Bonferroni test further indicated significant differences, particularly with yellow tint (p < 0.05) compared to other tints. In visual reaction time, significance (p < 0.05) was observed for all comparisons except between blue and gray, with the yellow tint demonstrating the best reaction time (median = 23) compared to other tints. Conclusions This research provides valuable insights into the impact of tinted lenses on contrast sensitivity, color vision, and visual reaction time in individuals with normal vision. Importantly, the use of yellow tint appears to enhance rapid reactions and contrast perception. Nevertheless, the selection of tint types should be thoughtfully tailored to individual occupational needs and personal preferences, taking into account their potential effects on color perception.