Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

52.4K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
52.4K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

5.4K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.4K
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

819
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
819
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

40.6K
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
40.6K
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

93
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
93
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

45.1K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
45.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reply to: Commentary on "The food additive 4-hexylresorcinol impairs intestinal stem cell function and exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease in Drosophila melanogaster via suppression of MAPK signaling pathway".

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Effects of neuronavigation-guided rTMS on serum BDNF, TrkB and VGF levels in depressive patients with suicidal ideation" [J. Affect. Disord. 323 (2023) 617-623].

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Letrozole and Infertility Among Males With Spermatogenic Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Hepatocyte-to-intestinal stem cell remote communication regulates blood glucose homeostasis.

Cell metabolism·2026
Same author

Refining the Bariatric Journey: A Proposed Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Framework for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Inspired by Oncology.

Current obesity reports·2026
Same author

Association of the HALP score with baseline and incident physical-cognitive comorbidity and mortality: evidence from the WCHAT and UK Biobank cohorts.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same journal

Unlocking the capacity of Mn-based Prussian blue cathodes in capacitive deionization.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Scaling biodiversity-stability relationships from populations to meta-communities across trophic levels.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Thermodynamically programmed one-pot CRISPR platform for point-of-care SNP genotyping.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Engineering all-organic electrocatalysts with asymmetric dual-active sites for uncommon oxygen-evolving pathway.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Rapid GC content evolution in rice through GC-biased gene conversion and selection for translation efficiency.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Declines in organic matter persistence with increased soil carbon.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Mapping the After-effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Human Auditory Cortex with Functional Imaging
10:09

Mapping the After-effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Human Auditory Cortex with Functional Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2012

13.9K

Holistic bursting cells store long-term memory in auditory cortex.

Ruijie Li1,2, Junjie Huang3,4, Longhui Li3

  • 1Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence and School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.

Nature Communications
|December 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified specific neurons in the auditory cortex, called holistic bursting (HB) cells, that store long-term auditory memories. These HB cells are crucial for recalling learned sound associations.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees
13:55

Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees

Published on: July 21, 2014

13.0K
Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
08:43

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Published on: October 22, 2015

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Mapping the After-effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Human Auditory Cortex with Functional Imaging
10:09

Mapping the After-effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Human Auditory Cortex with Functional Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2012

13.9K
Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees
13:55

Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees

Published on: July 21, 2014

13.0K
Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
08:43

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Published on: October 22, 2015

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research
  • Auditory System

Background:

  • The sensory neocortex is implicated in long-term memory storage.
  • Identifying specific neuronal substrates for memory has been a long-standing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify single cells responsible for long-term memory storage in the auditory cortex.
  • To investigate the physiological characteristics of memory-encoding neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized day-by-day two-photon calcium imaging in male mice.
  • Employed targeted single-cell loose-patch recordings during an auditory associative learning task.
  • Used composite sounds to train and test memory recall.

Main Results:

  • Discovered sparsely distributed neurons in auditory cortex layer 2/3, termed holistic bursting (HB) cells.
  • HB cells transitioned from quiescence to bursting mode during learning.
  • These specific HB cells consistently encoded holistic information of learned composite sounds.
  • Identified the same HB cells as embodying behavioral relevance of learned sounds.

Conclusions:

  • Pinpointed HB cells as physiologically defined single-cell candidates for auditory long-term memory engrams.
  • Demonstrated that specific, sparse neuronal populations, not shuffled ones, underlie memory storage.
  • Provided direct evidence for the role of HB cells in auditory cortex memory.