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A chip-scale second-harmonic source via self-injection-locked all-optical poling.

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We developed a compact chip-scale source for efficient second-harmonic generation by self-injection-locking a semiconductor laser to a silicon nitride microresonator. This breakthrough enables highly coherent light generation for integrated photonics.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Integrated Optics

Background:

  • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is crucial for optical spectrum manipulation but typically requires bulky, high-power systems.
  • Current SHG methods face challenges in integration due to complex setups and specialized nonlinear crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a chip-scale, highly coherent, and efficient second-harmonic source.
  • To overcome limitations of traditional SHG systems for large-scale photonic integration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a semiconductor laser self-injection-locked to a high-Q silicon nitride microresonator.
  • Employing photoinduced quasi-phase-matching via the coherent photogalvanic effect for nonlinear response.
  • Demonstrating reconfigurable optical poling for SHG across C and L telecom bands.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an ultra-narrow intrinsic linewidth of 41 Hz for the fundamental frequency.
  • Generated second-harmonic power exceeding 2 mW with an efficiency of 280%/W under milliwatt pumping.
  • Demonstrated efficient and reconfigurable SHG without poling electrodes.

Conclusions:

  • Standalone, highly coherent, and efficient SH sources can be integrated into silicon nitride photonics.
  • This work unlocks the potential of nonlinear chi(2) processes in next-generation integrated photonic devices.