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Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

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Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

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[Transcription Factor NRF2 in Endothelial Functions].

N D Kondratenko1,2, L A Zinovkina3, R A Zinovkin1,2,4

  • 1Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia.

Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
|December 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The transcription factor NRF2 regulates antioxidant defense and endothelial cell function. Activating NRF2 signaling may help resolve inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially aiding cardiovascular disease treatment.

Keywords:
age-related changesagingangiogenesisatherosclerosisdiabetesendotheliuminflammationoxidative stresstranscription factor NRF2

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Using En Face Immunofluorescence Staining to Observe Vascular Endothelial Cells Directly
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

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Using En Face Immunofluorescence Staining to Observe Vascular Endothelial Cells Directly
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Context:

  • The endothelium maintains vascular homeostasis through functions like regulating thrombosis and angiogenesis.
  • Endothelial dysfunction, linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, contributes to cardiovascular diseases.
  • Decreased Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activity is observed in endothelial aging and dysfunction.

Purpose:

  • To review the critical role of NRF2 in endothelial cell function under normal and pathological conditions.
  • To explore the implications of NRF2 activity in cardiovascular health and disease.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential and drawbacks of modulating NRF2 signaling.

Summary:

  • Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key regulator of cellular antioxidant responses and endothelial cell function.
  • NRF2 activation combats oxidative stress and inflammation, processes implicated in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders.
  • This review examines NRF2's role in endothelial homeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.

Impact:

  • Highlights NRF2 as a central player in endothelial cell protection and function.
  • Provides insights into the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases related to oxidative stress.
  • Discusses the dual nature of NRF2 activation in therapeutic strategies for vascular health.