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Type A, test performance and salivary cortisol.

K V Jones, D L Copolov, K H Outch

    Journal of Psychosomatic Research
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Type A behavior pattern subjects showed higher salivary cortisol levels when they performed well on exams, unlike non-A individuals. This suggests physiological stress responses are situational, not automatic.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Endocrinology
    • Behavioral Medicine

    Background:

    • The Type A behavior pattern is linked to cardiovascular disease and stress.
    • Understanding the physiological underpinnings of Type A behavior in response to academic stress is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between Type A behavior, academic performance, and salivary cortisol levels in medical students.
    • To determine if physiological arousal in Type A individuals is context-dependent.

    Main Methods:

    • Forty first-year medical students, screened for Type A behavior, provided saliva samples over four days preceding an examination.
    • Salivary cortisol concentrations were analyzed and correlated with examination performance and subjective stress ratings.

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    Main Results:

    • Type A students scoring above the median had higher salivary cortisol than Type A students scoring below the median.
    • The opposite pattern was observed in non-A students: lower cortisol with higher scores.
    • Subjective stress ratings showed no significant differences and low correlation with cortisol levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Physiological arousal associated with Type A behavior is intermittent and influenced by situational factors like performance expectations and outcomes.
    • The Type A pattern may represent an elective resource allocation strategy rather than an automatic stress response.