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Adjuvant AS01 activates human monocytes for costimulation and systemic inflammation
Carson L Smith1, Brian Richardson2, Michael Rubsamen3
1Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
The adjuvant AS01 strongly activates human monocytes, enhancing immune responses even in older adults. This finding is crucial for understanding vaccine efficacy and improving responses in the elderly.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) shows high efficacy, even in individuals over 80.
- The adjuvant AS01 is linked to RZV's effectiveness, but its impact on human immune cells is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of AS01 on human immune cells.
- To analyze the cellular and molecular responses to AS01 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
Main Methods:
- Stimulation of human PBMCs with AS01.
- Analysis using flow cytometry and RNA Sequencing (RNAseq).
Main Results:
- AS01 significantly activated monocytes, surpassing activation in dendritic cells.
- Both classical and non-classical monocytes showed AS01-induced activation.
- RNASeq revealed upregulation of TNF-ɑ and IL1R pathways in response to AS01, even in elderly subjects.
Conclusions:
- AS01 robustly activates human monocytes, upregulating costimulatory molecules and inducing inflammatory cytokines.
- Understanding AS01's cellular effects provides insights into improving vaccine responses in aging populations.
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