A highly proton conductive perfluorinated covalent triazine framework via low-temperature synthesis

Proton-conducting materials are essential to the emerging hydrogen economy. Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are promising proton-conducting materials at high temperatures but need more effective sites to strengthen interaction for proton carriers. However, their construction and design in a concise condition are still challenges. Herein, we show a low temperature approach to synthesize CTFs via a direct cyclotrimerization of aromatic aldehyde using ammonium iodide as facile nitrogen source. Among the CTFs, the perfluorinated CTF (CTF-TF) was successfully synthesized with much lower temperature ( ≤ 160 °C) and open-air atmosphere. Due to the additional hydrogen-bonding interaction between fluorine atoms and proton carriers (H₃PO₄), the CTF-TF achieves a proton conductivity of 1.82 × 10^-1S cm^-1 at 150 °C after H₃PO₄ loading. Moreover, the CTF-TF can be readily integrated into mixed matrix membranes, displaying high proton conduction abilities and good mechanical strength. This work provides an alternative strategy for rational design of proton conducting media.