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Gender Determination Based on CBCT Maxillary Sinus Analysis: A Systematic Review.

Nikolas Christoloukas1, Anastasia Mitsea1, Aliki Rontogianni2

  • 1Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Maxillary sinus dimensions, particularly height, show significant differences between genders. These measurements, derived from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, can aid in forensic identification when other methods fail.

Keywords:
cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)forensic identificationgendermaxillary sinus

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Radiology
  • Human Identification

Background:

  • Gender determination is crucial in forensic medicine.
  • Maxillary sinuses offer a stable anatomical landmark, even with severe cranial damage.
  • Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides detailed sinus imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review scientific literature from the past decade.
  • To assess the utility of maxillary sinus dimensions and volume for forensic gender determination using CBCT.
  • To evaluate the reliability of these parameters for human identification.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched four databases for studies published between January 2010 and April 2023.
  • Included studies analyzing maxillary sinus volumetric and/or linear measurements from CBCT scans.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen articles involving 2475 participants were selected.
  • Maxillary sinus volume was significantly larger in males.
  • Maxillary sinus height demonstrated the highest accuracy (70-80%) for gender discrimination.

Conclusions:

  • Maxillary sinus measurements exhibit distinct anatomical variations between genders.
  • These measurements serve as a valuable complementary tool for forensic human identification.
  • CBCT-based analysis of maxillary sinuses offers a reliable method for gender determination.