AirMLP: A Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network for Temporal Correction of PM2.5 Values in Turin

In recent times, pollution has emerged as a significant global concern, with European regulations stipulating limits on PM 2.5 particle levels. Addressing this challenge necessitates innovative approaches. Smart low-cost sensors suffer from imprecision, and can not replace legal stations in terms of accuracy, however, their potential to amplify the capillarity of air quality evaluation on the territory is not under discussion. In this paper, we propose an AI system to correct PM 2.5 levels in low-cost sensor data. Our research focuses on data from Turin, Italy, emphasizing the impact of humidity on low-cost sensor accuracy. In this study, different Neural Network architectures that vary the number of neurons per layer, consecutive records and batch sizes were used and compared to gain a deeper understanding of the network's performance under various conditions. The AirMLP7-1500 model, with an impressive R-squared score of 0.932, stands out for its ability to correct PM 2.5 measurements. While our approach is tailored to the city of Turin, it offers a systematic methodology for the definition of those models and holds the promise to significantly improve the accuracy of air quality data collected from low-cost sensors, increasing the awareness of citizens and municipalities about this critical environmental information.