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Field Application of Global Positioning System

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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Introduction to Global Positioning System01:30

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense  for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...
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Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
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Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults
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Graph Trilateration for Indoor Localization in Sparsely Distributed Edge Computing Devices in Complex Environments

Yashar Kiarashi1, Soheil Saghafi1, Barun Das1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a low-cost edge computing system using Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons to track indoor movements for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The system accurately assesses spatial navigation, aiding in monitoring cognitive health and treatment response.

Keywords:
Bluetooth low energyambient health monitoringcloud computingedge computingindoor localization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Spatial navigation patterns offer insights into cognitive health.
  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects spatial abilities.
  • Existing indoor tracking methods may lack scalability or accuracy in complex environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a low-cost, scalable, open-source edge computing system for tracking indoor movements.
  • To assess the cognitive health and treatment response of participants with MCI through spatial navigation analysis.
  • To overcome challenges in indoor localization due to sparse sensor distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of an edge computing system with 39 Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons and a fog server in a 1700 m2 facility.
  • Development of a graph trilateration approach considering temporal beacon hit density to address sparse edge device coverage.
  • Analysis of BLE signal reception by edge computing systems carried by participants.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average localization error of 4.4 meters for multiple participants.
  • Reached over 85% accuracy in region-level localization across the study area.
  • Demonstrated the system's effectiveness in a clinical environment with varying signal strengths and intermittent beacon detection.

Conclusions:

  • An ordinary medical facility can be transformed into a smart space for automatic movement assessment.
  • The developed system enables objective monitoring of spatial navigation, potentially reflecting health status or treatment efficacy in individuals with MCI.
  • The graph trilateration method provides a robust solution for indoor localization in sparsely instrumented environments.