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Selected Exogenous (Occupational and Environmental) Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Military and Aviation
Ewelina Maculewicz1, Agata Pabin2, Łukasz Dziuda2
1Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 9, 2023
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose risks for military personnel, particularly pilots. While some risk factors are modifiable through healthy habits, occupational and environmental exposures require further research to mitigate CVD risks and maintain military suitability.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Aerospace Medicine
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of death and a significant factor in military unsuitability, especially for pilots.
- While lifestyle modifications can address some CVD risk factors, military professionals face unique occupational and environmental stressors.
- These stressors include noise, hypoxia, acceleration forces, and irregular work schedules, which may contribute to CVD risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the influence of specific occupational and environmental factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in military professionals and aviators.
- To highlight the importance of factors such as noise, altitude, hypoxia, acceleration, smoking, oral health, and stress in this population.
Main Methods:
- A literature review was conducted to examine existing scientific data.
- The focus was on selected occupational and environmental factors relevant to military aircrews and professionals.
Main Results:
- The review confirmed that military personnel are exposed to conditions potentially influencing CVD risk.
- However, a significant limitation is the scarcity of robust scientific data on these specific risk factors.
- Existing evidence suggests a link between occupational exposures and increased CVD risk, but requires further validation.
Conclusions:
- There is a critical need for comprehensive studies investigating environmental and occupational CVD risk factors in military populations.
- Further research should focus on developing strategies to minimize these risks, thereby preserving the health and military suitability of these professionals.
- Understanding and mitigating these factors is essential for long-term health outcomes in military aviators and personnel.
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