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Published on: December 19, 2020
COVID-19 in Children: Molecular Profile and Pathological Features.
Ruslan A Nasyrov1, Dmitry O Ivanov1, Olga L Krasnogorskaya1
1The Prof. D.D. Lohov Department of Pathological Anatomy with Course of Forensic Medicine, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University Ministry of Public Health Care of the Russian Federation, St. Litovskaya, 2, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Pediatric COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) can be severe. This study reveals lung pathology in children, focusing on endothelial cell damage and apoptosis, crucial for understanding disease progression and developing therapies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pathology
- Infectious Diseases
- Cell Biology
Background:
- COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) remains a concern in children, with potential for severe outcomes.
- Limited research exists on the pathological morphology of pediatric COVID-19, hindering understanding of disease mechanisms.
- Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in severe COVID-19, but pediatric-specific data is scarce.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify morphological features of lung involvement in pediatric COVID-19.
- To evaluate virus-host interactions in children with COVID-19.
- To investigate the role of endothelial cells and apoptosis in pediatric COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissue from three deceased children with COVID-19.
- Correlation with clinical, laboratory, and SARS-CoV-2 PCR (polymerase chain reaction) data.
- Examination of lung samples at different disease stages (5, 21, and 50 days).
Main Results:
- Predominant respiratory organ involvement observed across different disease stages.
- Consistent finding of endothelium involvement in microcirculation vessels across all cases.
- Apoptosis identified as a significant outcome of virus-host interactions, leading to endothelial cell destruction.
Conclusions:
- Endothelial cell damage and apoptosis are key features of pediatric COVID-19 lung pathology.
- Understanding these mechanisms is vital for analyzing COVID-19 pathogenesis in children and adults.
- Findings suggest potential for developing endothelium-protective therapies to prevent complications like disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.
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