Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 9, 2025
08:53
Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
Published on: October 9, 2012
17.7K
Unraveling Atomic and Electronic Surface Structure and Dynamics from Angular Photoelectron Distributions
Matthias Hengsberger1, Luca Castiglioni2, Jürg Osterwalder3
1Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich. matthias.hengsberger@physik.uzh.ch.
Chimia
|December 9, 2023
Summary
Researchers developed time-resolved photoelectron diffraction and orbital tomography using femtosecond pump-probe experiments. This advances the study of electronic structures and molecular orbitals in solid-state science.
Area of Science:
- Solid State Sciences
- Surface Science
- Quantum Mechanics
Background:
- Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) measures energy-momentum dispersion.
- Photoelectron diffraction reveals atomic structure.
- Orbital tomography maps molecular orbital charge densities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To incorporate femtosecond time resolution into photoelectron diffraction and orbital tomography.
- To advance the understanding of dynamic processes in materials and molecular systems.
- To present a comprehensive overview of 12 years of research in time-resolved ARPES.
Main Methods:
- Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy.
- Time-resolved two-photon photoemission.
- Development of time-resolved photoelectron diffraction.
- Development of time-resolved orbital tomography.
Main Results:
- Demonstration of time-resolved photoelectron diffraction for structural dynamics.
- Demonstration of time-resolved orbital tomography for charge density dynamics.
- Optimization of experimental parameters and data acquisition for time-resolved techniques.
Conclusions:
- Time-resolved photoelectron diffraction and orbital tomography are powerful tools for studying ultrafast dynamics.
- Advancements in experimental and numerical methods are crucial for these challenging techniques.
- This work provides a foundation for future investigations into time-dependent electronic and structural properties.
Related Concept Videos
02:28Electronic Structure of Atoms
21.4K
An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
21.4K
02:45The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom
42.4K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
42.4K
02:44Atomic Orbitals
33.6K
An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
33.6K
01:23Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence
1.0K
Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
1.0K
02:46Electron Configurations
16.7K
Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
The relative energies of the subshells determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p,...
The relative energies of the subshells determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p,...
16.7K
01:18Electron Orbital Model
67.8K
Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
67.8K