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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

45.1K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
45.1K
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

40.6K
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.4K
Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

2.3K
In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of...
2.3K
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

8.4K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
8.4K
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

341
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Cochlear Surface Preparation in the Adult Mouse
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Cochlear Surface Preparation in the Adult Mouse

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The cochlear matrisome: Importance in hearing and deafness.

Mary T Pressé1, Brigitte Malgrange1, Laurence Delacroix1

  • 1Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 15 avenue Hippocrate - CHU - B36 (1st floor), Liège B-4000, Belgium.

Matrix Biology : Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology
|December 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and signaling support crucial for hearing. This review details ECM

Keywords:
Cochlear implantDeafnessDevelopmentExtracellular matrixNoise exposureOtotoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins and proteoglycans providing tissue scaffolding and biomechanical properties.
  • ECM plays a vital role in cell signaling, tissue adaptation, and maintaining tissue integrity.
  • In the inner ear, ECM is essential for hearing due to its role in vibration transduction and sensory cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural and functional roles of ECM components in the auditory organ (cochlea).
  • To discuss how ECM is modulated during development, aging, and in response to injury.
  • To highlight the association between ECM defects and hereditary deafness.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ECM composition and function in the auditory system.
  • Analysis of research linking matrisome proteins to cochlear development, function, and hereditary hearing loss.
  • Synthesis of information on ECM changes over time and following otic injury.

Main Results:

  • ECM provides critical biomechanical support and viscoelasticity to the cochlea.
  • Specific ECM proteins are integral to sensory cell function and vibration-induced signaling.
  • Alterations in ECM composition are implicated in various forms of hereditary deafness and cochlear pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • The ECM is a dynamic and essential component of the auditory system, crucial for hearing.
  • Understanding ECM's role is vital for deciphering mechanisms of hearing loss and developing therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into the matrisome of the inner ear will illuminate pathways for treating hearing disorders.