Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 16, 2026

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
Published on: October 28, 2022
Mechanical Fault Diagnosis of High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Based on Multi-Sensor Gramian Angular Field and Deep
Xining Li1, Hanyan Xiao1, Ke Zhao1
1State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing 211103, China.
Abstract:
The mechanical reliability of high-voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs) is crucial for power-grid stability, yet traditional diagnostic methods rely heavily on manually extracted scalar features that can discard transient information. This paper presents a mechanism-aware diagnostic pipeline that combines synchronized coil-current, contact-travel, and spring-pressure measurements; Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD); kinematics-driven Region of Interest (ROI) alignment; Gramian Angular Field (GAF) encoding; RGB channel stacking; and ResNet-18 classification. On a controlled 220 kV experimental platform covering five operating conditions and 1500 operating-cycle samples, the framework achieved an average accuracy of 96.18% (macro-precision 96.10%, recall 96.01%, and F1-score 96.05%) under five repeated stratified 2:1 holdout evaluations. Single-channel controls obtained 88.47% for current, 90.24% for travel, and 85.13% for pressure; removal of VMD and ROI reduced accuracy to 94.72% and 93.46%, respectively. The results should be interpreted as proof-of-concept evidence on controlled simulated faults; validation on temporally separated field data, other breaker types and voltage levels, and naturally imbalanced fault distributions remains necessary before broad condition-based-maintenance deployment.
Related Concept Videos
Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection
In high-voltage systems, circuit...
Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine
This behavior occurs due to the magnetic flux produced by the short-circuit armature currents. Initially, these currents follow high-reluctance paths but eventually shift to...
Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits
Fault Types
For line-to-line faults occurring between phases B and C, the...
Differential Relays
Bus Impedance Matrix
In the first circuit, all machine voltage sources are short-circuited, leaving only the prefault voltage source at the fault location. The positive-sequence bus impedance matrix can be determined by solving the nodal equations,...