Assessing the Behavioral and Personality Changes in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome in Wardha, Central India

Background Alcohol dependence syndrome occurs when the consumption of alcohol is uncontrollable. Most of the alcohol drinkers are usually males. There is a rise in the incidence of road traffic accidents under the influence of alcohol due to locomotor and cerebral dysfunction. Alcohol is a significant cause and contributing factor for domestic violence, family disharmony, and displeasure in families. Research studies have shown that after the lockdown of COVID-19, the consumption of alcohol decreased in India. This study was conducted to assess the behavioral and personality changes in alcohol dependence syndrome. Methods This study was conducted at a rural tertiary care hospital in Wardha, Maharashtra, Central India. Sixty-two males participated in the study. Out of which, 56 were included in the study. There were urban and rural participants in the study. The study was conducted for a period of six months. The participants who were being treated for alcohol withdrawal and alcohol dependence syndrome were included in the study. The individuals unwilling to participate in the research and those admitted to the intensive care unit were excluded from this study. The primary outcome measure of the study was to assess the behavioral and personality changes in alcohol dependence syndrome. Participants were screened using the Cut-Down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-Opener (CAGE) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaires. The diagnosis of alcohol dependence syndrome was made according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, (ICD-10) criteria. The participants were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. The parameters of assessment were aggressive behavior, domestic violence, workplace violence, verbal abuse, and variables including the forensic aspects of alcohol consumption, such as road traffic accidents, etc. Previous research and similar studies on factors related to alcohol dependence syndrome were compared to establish a conclusion for the study. Results Participants reported to have decreased psychomotor function upon alcohol consumption compared to the time they were not under the influence of alcohol. Aggressive behavior associated with irritability and agitation was observed in 89.28% (50 out of 56) participants. A total of 76.78% (43 out of 56) had road traffic accidents at least once under the influence of alcohol. Of the sample, 85.71% (48 out of 56) committed verbal abuse at the workplace and home as a result of aggression under the influence of alcohol. And 69.64% (39 out of 56) of the sample had memory loss after consumption of alcohol. Conclusion There are several behavioral changes in individuals who are alcohol dependent, which may affect their day-to-day activities and cause poor performance in the workplace. Participants in the study showed a notable positive relation between alcohol dependence syndrome and aggressive behavior, verbal aggression, domestic violence, memory loss, and road traffic accidents under the influence of alcohol. Alcohol dependence syndrome can be linked with decreased quality of life due to problems faced in daily activities like psychomotor functions, sleeping, etc. During the treatment of alcohol dependence or withdrawal from alcohol, individuals experience socio-behavioral changes. Cognitive behavior therapy, including cognitive neuroscience, can help in managing these behavior and personality changes in alcohol dependence syndrome.