A complicated presentation of vertebral coccidioidomycosis dissemination: A case report and discussion

Coccidioidomycosis, also known as San Joaquin Valley fever, is an illness caused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides. Coccidioidomycosis is endemic to desert regions of the Western Hemisphere, including California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and New Mexico. We report a case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a 42-year-old male. Months after an upper respiratory infection of unidentified origin, the patient began experiencing back pain. The persistence of the back pain prompted MRI and CT imaging, which revealed lytic lesions. His clinical and radiological presentation mimicked, and was originally approached, as if it were a malignancy. Metastasis or multiple myeloma were considered the most likely differential diagnoses. As a result, the patient underwent surgical exploration. Pathology results indicated the presence of a fungal infection, without evidence of malignancy. PCR confirmed the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. The patient began treatment with fluconazole 800 mg daily and is anticipated to receive antifungal treatment for an indefinite period.