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Evaluating Racial/Ethnic Equity in Planning-Related U.S. Health Impact Assessments Involving Parks and Greenspaces: A
Lilah M Besser1, Cherilyn Bean2, Amanda Foor2
1University of Miami's Comprehensive Center for Brain Health.
Journal of the American Planning Association. American Planning Association
|December 11, 2023
Summary
Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) show improving, but still insufficient, racial and ethnic equity considerations. A new tool, TREE-HIA, can guide and evaluate future HIAs for better equity outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Urban Planning
- Health Equity
Background:
- Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) are crucial tools for evaluating the health effects of policies and projects.
- HIAs have the potential to advance anti-racist practices by addressing health disparities.
- However, the extent to which HIAs incorporate racial and ethnic equity remains a critical question.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and apply the Tool for the Racial/Ethnic Equity Evaluation of Health Impact Assessments (TREE-HIA).
- To assess the degree of racial/ethnic equity consideration in U.S. HIA reports focused on parks and greenspaces.
- To identify trends in equity considerations within HIAs over time.
Main Methods:
- The study analyzed 50 U.S. HIA reports related to parks and greenspace planning from 2005-2020.
- The TREE-HIA tool was used to score each HIA report on its racial/ethnic equity considerations.
- Statistical analysis compared TREE-HIA scores across different time periods.
Main Results:
- More recent and comprehensive HIA reports demonstrated greater attention to racial/ethnic equity.
- Median TREE-HIA scores increased from -1.3 (2009-2012) to 4.0 (2017-2020).
- Despite improvements, 42% of HIA reports showed inadequate racial/ethnic equity consideration (negative TREE-HIA scores).
Conclusions:
- HIAs are increasingly addressing racial/ethnic equity, but comprehensive integration is still lacking.
- The TREE-HIA tool offers a practical method for guiding and evaluating equity in future HIAs.
- Enhanced HIAs can foster collaboration among planners, practitioners, decision-makers, and communities of color to combat racist planning and promote health equity.
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