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Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice
Published on: February 24, 2023
Association between low-carbohydrate diets and continuous glucose monitoring-derived time in ranges
Keiko Osugi1, Yoshiki Kusunoki1,2, Mana Ohigashi1
1Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
Aims:
Low-carbohydrate diets have become popular in the general community. The mutual relationship between the percentage of total energy intake from carbohydrates (CHO/E), glycemic control indices, and diabetes complications remains unclear.
Materials And Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 177 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who regularly visited outpatient clinics. In this study, dietary questionnaires were used to assess the intake ratio of the three macronutrients, and the low-carbohydrate-diet score was calculated. We investigated the association between the low-carbohydrate-diet score, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived short-term glycemic control indices, and diabetes complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Results:
The results are presented as medians (interquartile ranges) unless otherwise stated. Hemoglobin A1c was 7.1% (6.6-7.7%), CGM-derived time in range (TIR) was 75.3% (62.8-87.0%), body mass index (BMI) was 24.0 (22.1-26.3) kg/m2, and CHO/E was 49.8% (44.8-55.6%). BMI, triglycerides, and CGM-derived time above range decreased significantly with increasing low-carbohydrate-diet scores. However, no significant association was found between the low-carbohydrate-diet score and glycemic control indices, including TIR, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, and vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion:
Moderate-carbohydrate diets positively impact weight control and lipid metabolism but may have a limited effect on short-term glycemic variability in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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