Kinetic Modeling Assisted Analysis of Vitamin C-Mediated Copper Redox Transformations in Aqueous Solutions

The kinetics of oxidation of micromolar concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) catalyzed by Cu(II) in solutions representative of biological and environmental aqueous systems has been investigated in both the presence and absence of oxygen. The results reveal that the reaction between AA and Cu(II) is a relatively complex set of redox processes whereby Cu(II) initially oxidizes AA yielding the intermediate ascorbate radical (A^•-) and Cu(I). The rate constant for this reaction was determined to have a lower limit of 2.2 × 10⁴ M^-1 s^-1. Oxygen was found to play a critical role in mediating the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycle and the oxidation reactions of AA and its oxidized forms. Among these processes, the oxidation of the ascorbate radical by molecular oxygen was identified to play a key role in the consumption of ascorbic acid, despite being a slow reaction. The rate constant for this reaction ($$) was determined for the first time with a calculated value of 54 ± 8 M^-1 s^-1. The kinetic model developed satisfactorily describes the Cu/AA/O₂ system over a range of conditions including different concentrations of NaCl (0.2 and 0.7 M) and pH (7.4 and 8.1). Appropriate adjustments to the rate constant for the reaction between Cu(I) and O₂ were found to account for the influence of the chloride ions and pH on the kinetics of the process. Additionally, the presence of Cu(III) as the primary oxidant resulting from the interaction between Cu(I) and H₂O₂ in the Cu(II)/AA system was confirmed, along with the coexistence of HO^•, possibly due to an equilibrium established between Cu(III) and HO^•.