Micro- and nanofabrication of dynamic hydrogels with multichannel information

Creating micro/nanostructures containing multi-channel information within responsive hydrogels presents exciting opportunities for dynamically changing functionalities. However, fabricating these structures is immensely challenging due to the soft and dynamic nature of hydrogels, often resulting in unintended structural deformations or destruction. Here, we demonstrate that dehydrated hydrogels, treated by a programmable femtosecond laser, can allow for a robust fabrication of micro/nanostructures. The dehydration enhances the rigidity of the hydrogels and temporarily locks the dynamic behaviours, significantly promoting their structural integrity during the fabrication process. By utilizing versatile dosage domains of the femtosecond laser, we create micro-grooves on the hydrogel surface through the use of a high-dosage mode, while also altering the fluorescent intensity within the rest of the non-ablated areas via a low-dosage laser. In this way, we rationally design a pixel unit containing three-channel information: structural color, polarization state, and fluorescent intensity, and encode three complex image information sets into these channels. Distinct images at the same location were simultaneously printed onto the hydrogel, which can be observed individually under different imaging modes without cross-talk. Notably, the recovered dynamic responsiveness of the hydrogel enables a multi-information-encoded surface that can sequentially display different information as the temperature changes.