Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

13.1K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
13.1K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

10.9K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
10.9K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

3.1K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
3.1K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

13.8K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
13.8K
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

2.5K
The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
2.5K
Peroxisomes and Mitochondria01:30

Peroxisomes and Mitochondria

87.4K
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within...
87.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

O-SNAP uncovers nanoscale chromatin remodeling in dedifferentiation and stress responses.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Inflammatory, oxidative, and neurotrophic profiles in monozygotic twins discordant for pain-related TMD.

Molecular biology reports·2026
Same author

Genetic biomarkers associated with risk and therapeutic response in erectile dysfunction: a systematic review.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

ADIPOQ Genotypes, Adiponectin Isoforms, and Hypertension Risk in Pediatric Obesity.

Archives of medical research·2026
Same author

Effects of antihypertensive therapy on matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in controlled hypertensive patients.

BMC cardiovascular disorders·2026
Same author

PKM2-DNMT3A-SMAD2 Axis Regulates Cell Proliferation via Histone Lactylation in Breast Cancer.

Molecular and cellular biology·2026
Same journal

DNA methylation-mediated silencing of STAT5A drives breast cancer metastasis via dual regulation of EMT and immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Oncogene·2026
Same journal

LncRNA IRENA promotes peripheral T-cell lymphoma progression through scaffolding ARHGEF1 and FMNL1 to modulate RHOA GTPase/MAPK signaling.

Oncogene·2026
Same journal

A novel circSLIT2-encoded SLIT2 isoform suppresses neural invasion in gastric cancer.

Oncogene·2026
Same journal

The miR-302 family suppresses tumor growth in tongue squamous cell carcinoma by directly targeting P65.

Oncogene·2026
Same journal

MOV10 suppresses circRNA biogenesis by disrupting reverse complementary matches structure to drive hepatocarcinogenesis.

Oncogene·2026
Same journal

HSP47 is a potential dual cell target and prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer.

Oncogene·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

10.1K

ROS production by mitochondria: function or dysfunction?

Flavio R Palma1, Benjamin N Gantner2, Marcelo J Sakiyama1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.

Oncogene
|December 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) not just as by-products, but as a primary function crucial for cellular adaptation and stress resistance, akin to ATP generation.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Oxidative Phosphorylation System Dynamics and Mitochondrial Roles in Health and Disease
05:45

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Oxidative Phosphorylation System Dynamics and Mitochondrial Roles in Health and Disease

Published on: May 3, 2024

1.2K
High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers
09:53

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers

Published on: October 26, 2021

4.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

10.1K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Oxidative Phosphorylation System Dynamics and Mitochondrial Roles in Health and Disease
05:45

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Oxidative Phosphorylation System Dynamics and Mitochondrial Roles in Health and Disease

Published on: May 3, 2024

1.2K
High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers
09:53

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers

Published on: October 26, 2021

4.7K

Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology
  • Cellular signaling
  • Redox biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are traditionally known for ATP production under normal oxygen (normoxia).
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often viewed as harmful by-products of respiration, linked to disease.
  • Recent evidence suggests mitochondrial ROS have critical signaling roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the role of mitochondrial ROS production.
  • To highlight ROS as a key function in cellular adaptation and stress resistance.
  • To propose ROS production as a primary mitochondrial function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on mitochondrial function and ROS.
  • Analysis of cellular responses to limited oxygen availability.
  • Examination of ROS signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondria prioritize ROS production over ATP under limited oxygen.
  • ROS act as essential adaptive signals triggered by stressors.
  • ROS-driven redox signaling is unique and irreplaceable.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial ROS production is a vital function for cellular adaptation.
  • This function is as essential as ATP production for life.
  • A paradigm shift is needed to recognize ROS production as a primary mitochondrial role.