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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms
08:36

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Functional Connectivity Dynamics show Resting-State Instability and Rightward Parietal Dysfunction in ADHD.

Rohit Misra, Tapan K Gandhi

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 12, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show greater instability in brain functional connectivity (FC) dynamics compared to typically developing children. This dynamic FC variability may underlie attention deficits in ADHD.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
    • Previous research primarily focused on static functional connectivity (FC) in ADHD.
    • Understanding dynamic FC is crucial for a comprehensive view of ADHD brain function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the differences in temporal variability of functional connectivity (FC) in children with ADHD compared to typically developing (TD) children.
    • To explore the relationship between attention instability and dynamic FC properties.
    • To identify specific brain networks and regions exhibiting altered FC dynamics in ADHD.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from 40 children with ADHD and 40 TD children.
    • Employed a sliding-window approach to analyze dynamic functional connectivity (dFC).
    • Calculated temporal variability of FC using seed-to-voxel correlation analysis with seeds in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

    Main Results:

    • ADHD patients demonstrated significantly higher temporal variability in dFC across multiple networks, including cingulo-temporal, cingulo-parietal, fronto-temporal, and fronto-parietal networks.
    • Atypical temporal variability was specifically noted in the temporal gyri, anterior cingulate cortex, and right parietal cortex.
    • These findings suggest a link between altered brain connectivity dynamics and ADHD symptoms.

    Conclusions:

    • Children with ADHD exhibit significantly greater temporal variability in functional connectivity compared to TD children.
    • This heightened dFC variability may be a neural correlate of attention instability and executive control deficits observed in ADHD.
    • The study provides a new perspective on ADHD by linking behavioral inattention to dynamic brain connectivity instability.