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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

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Treatment Utilization Pattern of Preschool Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Raman Baweja1, Ritika Baweja1, Hunter Weidlich1

  • 1Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|December 12, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in preschoolers has increased, but often deviates from guidelines, with medication frequently preceding therapy. Comorbidities influence treatment choices.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Healthcare Services Research

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in young children.
  • Evidence-based guidelines recommend specific sequences for ADHD treatment, often prioritizing behavioral therapy.
  • Understanding current treatment patterns in preschool-aged children is crucial for improving care quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify patterns in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) care for preschool-aged youth.
  • To examine factors influencing the selection and sequencing of ADHD treatments.
  • To analyze trends in ADHD treatment over a six-year period.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study.
  • Utilized a large electronic health record database (TriNetX).
  • Included nearly 24,000 children aged 3-6 years diagnosed with ADHD.

Main Results:

  • One in three preschoolers with ADHD received psychotropic medication (methylphenidate, guanfacine common).
  • One in ten had psychotherapy billing codes; medication often preceded psychotherapy.
  • Treatment rates, including polypharmacy, increased with comorbidities and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD treatment rates have risen but remain inconsistent with guidelines favoring therapy before medication.
  • Clinicians appear to prioritize psychiatric comorbidities and sleep issues in treatment selection.
  • Current practices highlight a need for better adherence to evidence-based ADHD care guidelines for young children.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDCNS stimulantsalpha-2 agonistspreschoolerstherapy

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