Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 8, 2025

05:25
Author Spotlight: Assessing Brain Activity in Robotic-Assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation Using fNIRS
Published on: June 7, 2024
1.2K
Physiological Support of Goal-Directed Activity in Human
1P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia. solidcid@mail.ru.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
|December 12, 2023
Summary
This review explores the fundamental principles of goal-directed human behavior. It covers basic mechanisms for effective goal pursuit and their physiological costs.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical studies
- Neuroscience
- Human behavior
Background:
- Goal-directed behavior is crucial for human effectiveness.
- Understanding its organization is key in biomedical research.
- Classical and modern evidence are essential for insights.
Approach:
- Review of classical and modern evidence.
- Focus on fundamental principles of goal-directed activity.
- Examination of underlying organizational processes.
Key Points:
- Basic mechanisms ensure goal-directed behavior effectiveness.
- Physiological costs are determined by these mechanisms.
- Integration of theoretical and empirical findings.
Conclusions:
- Effective goal-directed behavior relies on fundamental principles.
- Understanding mechanisms informs physiological cost analysis.
- Biomedical research benefits from this comprehensive review.
Related Concept Videos
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation
2.0K
The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
2.0K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
825
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
825
Sympathetic Activation
5.3K
The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
5.3K
Motivational Cycle
600
The motivational cycle is a key concept that explains how individuals are motivated to meet their needs. At its core, the cycle revolves around four distinct stages: need, drive, goal-directed behavior, and goal achievement. These stages respond to imbalances in the body or mind, prompting actions that restore balance.
The cycle begins with a need. This need can arise from various conditions, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature changes. For instance, when an individual feels cold, their body...
The cycle begins with a need. This need can arise from various conditions, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature changes. For instance, when an individual feels cold, their body...
600
What is Homeostasis?
37.7K
Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F).
37.7K
Exercise and Cardiac Output
1.1K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
1.1K

