Unveiling the Critical Role of Surface Hydroxyl Groups for Electro-Assisted Uranium Extraction from Wastewater

The electro-driven extraction of uranium from fluorine-containing uranium wastewater is anticipated to address the challenge of separating fluoro-uranium complexes in conventional technologies. Herein, we developed hydroxy-rich cobalt-based oxides (CoO) for electro-assisted uranium extraction from fluorine-containing wastewater. Relying on theoretical calculations and other spectral measurements, the hydroxy-rich CoO nanosheets can enhance the affinity for uranium due to the existence of a substantial quantity of hydroxyl groups. Accordingly, the CoO nanosheets exhibit outstanding U(VI) removal efficiency in the presence of fluorine ions. Through the utilization of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), we confirm that hydroxy-rich CoO nanosheets capture free uranyl ions to form a sturdy 2O_ax-1U-3O_eq configuration, which can be achieved through electro-driven fluorine-uranium separation. Notably, for the first time, the whole reaction process of uranium species on the CoO surface from the initial uranium single atom growth to uranium oxide nanosheets is monitored by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopes (AC-TEM). This work provides a paradigm for the advancement of novel functional materials as electrocatalysts for uranium extraction, as well as a new approach for studying the evolution mechanism of uranium species.