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Complex association between post-COVID-19 condition and anxiety and depression symptoms
Sarah Tebeka1,2,3, Laure Carcaillon-Bentata1, Valentina Decio1
1Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, Santé Publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France.
Summary
Chronic anxiety and depression before COVID-19 may contribute to post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Findings suggest these symptoms alone should not define PCC, challenging current diagnostic criteria.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Investigating the relationship between anxiety, depressive symptoms, and post-COVID-19 condition (PCC).
- Exploring the directionality of these associations and their relevance in defining PCC.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the associations between anxiety and depressive symptoms and PCC.
- To determine if anxiety and depression should be included in the definition of PCC.
Main Methods:
- Nationwide survey in France (March-April 2022) with representative sampling.
- Included participants meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of PCC and a control group.
- Measured anxiety and depression using GAD-2 and PHQ-2 questionnaires.
Main Results:
- 21% of PCC participants reported anxiety, 18% depression; measured symptoms were higher (33% anxiety, 20% depression).
- Few symptoms met WHO criteria for PCC alone; chronic and measured anxiety were associated with PCC.
- Chronic anxiety (aOR 1.27) and measured anxiety (aOR 1.29) showed significant associations with PCC.
Conclusions:
- Pre-existing chronic anxiety and depression may influence PCC development or share risk factors.
- Results question the inclusion of anxiety and depression as sole criteria in the definition of PCC.
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