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Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations to Assess Spatial Variability and Optimal Ventilation Scenarios for
Susan Caskey1, Clifford K Ho1, LouAnn C Burnett1
1Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Summary
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling helps assess risks in Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) labs. Optimizing airflow and vent placement can significantly reduce potential worker exposure to airborne contaminants.
Area of Science:
- Occupational health and safety
- Aerodynamics and fluid mechanics
- Biosafety engineering
Background:
- Uncertainty exists regarding human exposure to biomaterials in Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) laboratories.
- Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) offers a method to model and understand exposure risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To simulate airborne contaminant concentrations in a BSL-2 laboratory using CFD.
- To evaluate the impact of different laboratory configurations on potential worker exposure.
Main Methods:
- CFD models were employed to simulate contaminant dispersal in an actual BSL-2 laboratory setting.
- Various configurations of ventilation, sampling, and source locations were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Ventilation, sampling, and source locations significantly influence airborne contaminant concentrations and exposure levels.
- Contaminant plume behavior varied by orders of magnitude based on source and airflow patterns.
- Proximity to exhaust vents and through-flow conditions were key factors in plume containment.
Conclusions:
- Designing BSL-2 rooms to maximize through-flow to exhaust vents and minimize dispersion is recommended.
- CFD simulations are valuable tools for optimizing lab design, vent placement, and sensor positioning.
- CFD can enhance the characterization and monitoring of potential exposures in BSL-2 facilities.
