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Using Survey Questions to Measure Preferences: Lessons from an Experimental Validation in Kenya.

Michal Bauer1, Julie Chytilová2, Edward Miguel3

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European Economic Review
|December 13, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantitative survey measures of economic preferences are experimentally valid in Kenya, unlike qualitative self-assessments. This finding is crucial for behavioral economics research in diverse global settings.

Keywords:
experimentpreference measurementsurveyvalidation

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Experimental Economics
  • Development Economics

Background:

  • Economic preferences like time preference, risk attitude, and altruism are fundamental to economic behavior.
  • Short survey instruments are increasingly used to measure these preferences globally.
  • Previous validation studies focused on university students and representative samples, but experimental validation in low-income populations is less common.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally validate quantitative and qualitative survey measures of economic preferences among low-income individuals in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • To assess the cross-cultural and contextual validity of established survey instruments for economic preferences.
  • To determine if hypothetical survey tasks and self-assessments accurately predict choices in incentivized experiments within this specific population.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental validation study was conducted with low-income individuals in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Participants completed both quantitative (hypothetical experimental tasks) and qualitative (self-assessment) survey measures.
  • Choices were compared against actual behavior in incentivized experimental tasks measuring time preference, risk attitude, and altruism.

Main Results:

  • Quantitative survey measures of time preference, risk attitude, and altruism significantly predicted choices in incentivized experiments.
  • Qualitative, self-assessment survey questions showed no correlation with experimental measures of preferences in the Kenyan sample.
  • The findings suggest broad experimental validity for quantitative measures but not for qualitative self-assessments in this context.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative survey instruments, even hypothetical ones, can reliably measure fundamental economic preferences in diverse, low-income settings.
  • Qualitative self-assessment questions are not reliable proxies for economic preferences in this population and context.
  • Caution is advised when using self-assessment measures for economic preferences in new cultural or socioeconomic contexts without prior validation.