A Comparison of the Efficacy of Treatment With Fidaxomicin Versus Vancomycin in Clostridioides difficile Infection

Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of diarrhea in hospitalized adult patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics, clinical cure, recurrence and mortality in patients with CDI treated with either fidaxomicin or vancomycin. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted on patients with CDI treated with either fidaxomicin or vancomycin at a hospital from January 2019 to March 2022. Results We assessed 140 patients with CDI episodes, 70 patients treated with fidaxomicin and 70 with vancomycin. Seventy (50%) were male. Median age was 70 years old (IQR: 56-81). Fidaxomicin group had more recurrent CDI episodes within six months (59% vs 11%, p ≤ 0.001), more severity (43% vs 16%, p ≤ 0.001) and less treatment response (84% vs 100%, p ≤ 0.002) compared with vancomycin group. Recurrence and mortality rates in the follow-up period did not differ in both groups. Conclusions Our study found fidaxomicin treatment had worse outcomes due to restricted usage, potentially impacting its effectiveness in CDI. This finding is especially significant for patients with severe or recurrent CDI, as prescribing of the drug was limited until May 2022 in Spain with the lifting of this restriction, further research is necessary to better understand the potential benefits of fidaxomicin in treating CDI.