Vestibular function assessment in Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a prospective study

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) can affect both auditory and vestibular functions.
• Vestibular assessment is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of ISSHL's impact.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess vestibular function in ISSHL patients using caloric tests and video head impulse tests (vHIT).
• To evaluate the relationship between dizziness, vestibular test results, and post-treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

• An observational, longitudinal study of ISSHL patients, divided into groups with and without vestibular complaints.
• Vestibular assessment included pure tone audiometry, cold caloric tests, and vHIT at multiple follow-up points.
• Unilateral weakness (UW) in caloric tests was quantified using Jongkees formula.

Main Results:

• Significant relationship found between pre-treatment hearing loss degree and post-treatment hearing improvement.
• Patients with pre-existing vestibular complaints showed significantly different caloric test UW and vHIT lateral canal VOR values compared to those without.
• Positive improvement observed in caloric test and vHIT lateral canal VOR values post-treatment.

Conclusions:

• Vertigo in ISSHL, confirmed by caloric testing and vHIT, may indicate severe cochlear damage.
• ISSHL patients, particularly those with vertigo, have an increased risk of vestibular impairment.
• Comprehensive assessment of both cochlear and vestibular systems is essential for managing ISSHL.