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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...

Neural Regulation

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Updated: Jul 8, 2025

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Neurosyphilis presenting as limbic encephalitis.

Matthew Shrimpton¹, Abhishek Malhotra²

¹Neurology Department, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia m.shrimpton@deakin.edu.au.

BMJ Case Reports

|December 14, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neurosyphilis can mimic limbic encephalitis, presenting with seizures and brain abnormalities. Persistent symptoms despite treatment warrant testing for this treatable infection.

Keywords:

infectious diseases neurology

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Limbic encephalitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the brain's temporal lobes, often presenting with seizures.
Corticosteroid therapy is a common initial treatment for suspected limbic encephalitis.

Observation:

A man in his 50s experienced persistent focal seizures, inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and mesiotemporal lobe hyperintensities on MRI despite corticosteroid treatment.
The patient later developed neuropsychiatric symptoms, leading to the diagnosis of neurosyphilis.

Findings:

Neurosyphilis, a complex bacterial infection, can manifest with neurological and psychiatric symptoms, including a limbic encephalitis-like presentation.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and temporal lobe MRI hyperintensities are noted in neurosyphilis cases mimicking limbic encephalitis.

Implications:

Persistent neurological or CSF abnormalities despite immunosuppressive therapy for limbic encephalitis necessitate exploring alternative diagnoses.
Neurosyphilis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic meningoencephalitis, especially when initial treatments are ineffective.