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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
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Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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The bacterial replication origin BUS promotes nucleobase capture.

Simone Pelliciari1, Salomé Bodet-Lefèvre2, Stepan Fenyk1

  • 1Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK.

Nature Communications
|December 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial DNA replication initiation protein DnaA (adenosine triphosphate) assembles into a complex that opens the chromosome origin. This molecular mechanism explains how DnaA binds DNA strands to initiate genome duplication.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Genome duplication is vital for cellular proliferation, typically initiated by replication proteins at chromosome origins.
  • In bacteria, DNA replication starts with the DnaA protein, which forms an oligomeric complex at the origin of replication (oriC).
  • This DnaA-oriC complex engages both double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to facilitate DNA duplex opening, but the precise mechanism was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which DnaA specifically opens bacterial replication origins.
  • To understand how DnaA interacts with DNA at the oriC to initiate replication.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the assembly of Bacillus subtilis DnaAATP at the DNA melting site.
  • Analyzed the interaction of DnaA with both dsDNA and ssDNA within the complex.
  • Characterized the binding of ssDNA within the DnaA oligomer.

Main Results:

  • Bacillus subtilis DnaAATP forms a continuous oligomer at the DNA melting site, bridging dsDNA and ssDNA.
  • The DnaA oligomer extends from a dsDNA anchor to engage a single DNA strand.
  • Each ssDNA binding motif (DnaA-trio) captures two nucleobases within a dinucleotide binding pocket formed by adjacent DnaA proteins.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a molecular explanation for how DnaA initiates DNA replication origin opening.
  • The findings reveal a specific mechanism for DnaA engaging conserved sequence elements in the bacterial origin basal unwinding system (BUS).
  • This clarifies a fundamental step in bacterial DNA replication initiation.