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Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii (MIP) Vaccine: Pharmacology, Indication, Dosing Schedules, Administration, and Side
Sunil Dogra1, Sejal Jain1, Ayush Sharma2
1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Abstract:
Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), previously called Mw vaccine, is a one-of-a-kind immunomodulatory vaccine. It was indigenously developed in India for use in leprosy. MIP is heat-killed Mycobacterium w, which is a non-pathogenic atypical mycobacterium belonging to Class IV of Runyon classification. It shares epitopes with Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which forms the rationale behind its use in leprosy and tuberculosis. MIP activates both innate and acquired immunity. It induces a Th1 and Th17 immune response along with downregulation of Th2 pathway and activates macrophages and dendritic cells. MIP vaccine is safe with adverse effects such as local site erythema, swelling, and rarely fever and other systemic reactions. Apart from leprosy, MIP has been used in dermatological diseases such as warts and psoriasis. Clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of MIP in a plenitude of non-dermatological conditions such as category II tuberculosis, Gram-negative sepsis, non-small cell lung cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and very recently, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro and animal studies have also demonstrated its utility in leishmaniasis, melanoma, and as a vaccine for the prevention of pregnancy. The PubMed database was searched using "Mycobacterium indicus pranii, MIP, Mycobacterium w" as the keyword in title. This comprehensive review provides useful information for healthcare professionals about immunotherapeutic potential of MIP vaccine, its composition, dosing schedule, administration, and side effects besides its efficacy in various indications other than leprosy.
Insights
Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) is an Indian immunomodulatory vaccine effective beyond leprosy. This review details its potential in various conditions, including cancers and infectious diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology and Microbiology
- Vaccinology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), formerly Mw vaccine, is an Indian-developed, heat-killed Mycobacterium w vaccine.
- It shares epitopes with Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, underpinning its use in leprosy and tuberculosis.
- MIP is a non-pathogenic atypical mycobacterium (Class IV Runyon classification) with immunomodulatory properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of the immunotherapeutic potential of the MIP vaccine.
- To detail its composition, dosing, administration, and side effects.
- To explore its efficacy in various dermatological and non-dermatological conditions beyond leprosy.
Main Methods:
- Literature search of the PubMed database using keywords: "Mycobacterium indicus pranii", "MIP", "Mycobacterium w" in the title.
- Review of clinical trials and in vitro/animal studies.
- Synthesis of information on vaccine properties and therapeutic applications.
Main Results:
- MIP activates innate and acquired immunity, inducing Th1/Th17 responses and activating macrophages and dendritic cells.
- It is safe, with common side effects including local erythema and swelling.
- Efficacy has been evaluated in leprosy, tuberculosis, dermatological conditions (warts, psoriasis), and explored in sepsis, lung cancer, HIV, bladder cancer, COVID-19, leishmaniasis, melanoma, and pregnancy prevention.
Conclusions:
- MIP exhibits broad immunotherapeutic potential beyond its initial indication for leprosy.
- Its ability to modulate immune responses makes it a candidate for diverse clinical applications.
- Further research and clinical trials are warranted to fully elucidate its therapeutic value in various diseases.
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