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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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Enzymes are proteins made of amino acids. The functional group of each constituent amino acid catalyzes a wide variety of chemical reactions via ionic interactions or acid-base reactions. However, amino acids cannot catalyze oxidation-reduction and group transfer reactions and need to be aided by non-protein components called cofactors. Cofactors are also referred to as the chemical teeth of an enzyme.
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Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of biochemical reactions. Scientists monitor the reaction rates for a particular enzymatic reaction at various substrate concentrations. Additional trials with inhibitors or other molecules that affect the reaction rate may also be performed.
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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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What is Organic Chemistry?02:17

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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are synthesized by chemists. A defining trait of these compounds is the presence of carbon as the principal element, which is bonded to other carbon atoms and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The existence of a wide array of organic molecules is a consequence of carbon atoms’ ability to form up to four strong bonds to...
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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Integration of Enzyme and Covalent Organic Frameworks: From Rational Design to Applications.

Shan Qiao1,2, Haiqun Jin1,2, Along Zuo1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

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|December 18, 2023
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Summary

Green biomanufacturing utilizes immobilized enzymes for sustainability. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a promising platform for enzyme immobilization, enhancing stability and reusability in diverse applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Green biomanufacturing and enzyme immobilization technologies.
  • Advanced crystalline porous materials, specifically covalent organic frameworks (COFs).

Background:

  • Enzymes are crucial for biomanufacturing but face limitations like high cost, low stability, and nonreusability.
  • Current enzyme immobilization supports (e.g., silica, hydrogels, polymers) have drawbacks including leaching, conformational changes, and poor performance.
  • Disordered structures of conventional carriers lead to low loading capacity, hindered mass transfer, and unclear structure-property relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a superior platform for enzyme immobilization, overcoming limitations of conventional materials.
  • Integration of enzymes with functional COFs offers synergistic benefits, leading to intensified performance and novel functionalities.
  • This work paves the way for advanced biomanufacturing and enzyme applications through innovative carrier design and immobilization strategies.