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Kidney Structure

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.

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Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

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[Renal Biopsy].

Taek Min Kim, Jeong Yeon Cho, Sang Youn Kim

Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology

|December 18, 2023

Summary

Renal biopsy indications are expanding due to more incidental renal masses and kidney transplants. This review offers practical tips for radiologists to perform percutaneous renal biopsies safely and effectively.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Radiology
Urology

Context:

Increasing incidence of incidental renal masses.
Expanding treatment options for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including ablation and targeted therapies.
Rising rates of kidney transplantation necessitate improved diagnostic tools.

Purpose:

To review the indications, technical considerations, efficacy, and complications of renal biopsy.
To provide practical guidance and expert tips for performing renal biopsies.
To enhance the safety and effectiveness of renal biopsy procedures for radiologists.

Summary:

Percutaneous renal biopsy is a crucial diagnostic tool with widening indications.
Technical challenges, such as longer skin-to-organ distances, require specialized techniques.

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The review covers biopsy indications, technical aspects, outcomes, and potential complications, offering practical examples.

Impact:

Aims to improve the safety and efficacy of renal biopsy procedures.
Supports radiologists, especially beginners, in managing complex cases.
Contributes to better patient management in nephrology, urology, and transplant medicine.