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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
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Osteoporosis and Obesity.

Durairaj Arjunan1, Trupti Nagendra Prasad1, Liza Das2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Nehru Hospital Extension, Chandigarh, India.

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
|December 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Obesity's impact on bone health is complex. While higher bone density is observed, fracture risk isn't always reduced, especially with sarcopenic obesity. Comprehensive management is crucial for obese patients with osteoporosis.

Keywords:
Adipose tissueBone mineral densityFractureObesityOsteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Orthopedics
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Obesity is often linked to increased bone mineral density.
  • However, this density doesn't always translate to lower fracture risk.
  • Factors like inflammation and adiposity complicate bone health in obese individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overview the intricate relationship between obesity and bone health.
  • To explore factors influencing bone health in obesity.
  • To discuss the obesity paradox and its implications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of obesity and bone health studies.
  • Analysis of hormonal and mechanical factors.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools like Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX).

Main Results:

  • Obesity presents a paradox: higher bone mineral density but not necessarily reduced fracture risk.
  • Hormones (Vitamin D, PTH, FGF-23, adiponectin, leptin) and inflammation play key roles.
  • Sarcopenic obesity further complicates bone health outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity's effect on bone health is multifaceted, requiring a comprehensive approach.
  • Management strategies include lifestyle changes, weight control, fall prevention, and pharmacotherapy.
  • Further research is essential to fully elucidate obesity-bone interactions.