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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
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In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

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Advances in understanding telomerase assembly.

Basma M Klump1,2,3, Jens C Schmidt1,4

  • 1Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|December 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomerase, crucial for stem cell proliferation, is key in cancer. This review details telomerase assembly advances and remaining questions for therapeutic targeting.

Keywords:
Cajal bodiesribonucleoproteinstelomerasetelomeres

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Author Spotlight: Advanced Single-Molecule Techniques for Investigating Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions
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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein essential for maintaining telomere length in stem and germ cells.
  • Dysregulated telomerase activity is implicated in the majority of human cancers.
  • Understanding telomerase biogenesis is critical for therapeutic interventions.

Approach:

  • Review of recent high-resolution Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) structures of human telomerase.
  • Analysis of high-throughput sequencing data for telomerase RNA (TR) 3' end maturation.
  • Integration of live-cell imaging studies on telomerase component dynamics.

Key Points:

  • Significant progress in elucidating human telomerase structure and function.
  • Advances in understanding the assembly of telomerase RNA (TR) with its protein co-factors.
  • Identification of critical steps in TR 5' and 3' end maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting telomerase assembly offers potential strategies for cancer therapy.
  • Promoting telomerase activity could address telomere shortening disorders.
  • Further research is needed to address outstanding questions in telomerase biogenesis.