Implementation of particle swarm optimization for complete inverse design of multilayered optical filters

Particle swarm optimization is implemented for the complete inverse design of multilayered optical filters. To achieve this, a model is designed to optimize the thickness and material of each layer, as well as the total number of layers, simultaneously. The performance of the model is evaluated by repeating the optimization process, enabling clarification of the effects of model parameters on the final output. The designed model is also demonstrated for the optimization of various optical filters, including bandstop filters, bandpass filters, and anti-reflection coatings. The results confirm that particle swarm optimization is capable of designing arbitrary optical filters that cannot be designed using conventional design theories.