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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:17

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Problems With Medium-Sized Joints: Wrist Conditions.

Elizabeth T Nguyen1, Laura Marsh2, Stephen Line1

  • 1Texas A&M University School of Medicine.

FP Essentials
|December 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing common wrist conditions like fractures and carpal tunnel syndrome relies on history, physical exams, and imaging like MRI or CT scans. Treatment varies from conservative care to surgery based on the specific wrist injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • The wrist is susceptible to various conditions, including fractures, osteoarthritis, and nerve entrapments.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of wrist pain and dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of common wrist conditions.
  • To outline diagnostic approaches, including imaging modalities.
  • To summarize management strategies for diverse wrist pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common wrist conditions, encompassing traumatic and overuse injuries.
  • Discussion of the role of history and physical examination in differential diagnosis.
  • Evaluation of imaging techniques such as MRI, CT, and ultrasonography for wrist pathology.
  • Summary of current management principles for fractures, osteoarthritis, tenosynovitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, ganglion cysts, and ulnar neuropathy.

Main Results:

  • Initial assessment involves detailed history and physical examination focusing on wrist anatomy.
  • Advanced imaging aids in diagnosing soft tissue injuries, occult fractures, and bony abnormalities.
  • Musculoskeletal ultrasonography is valuable for soft tissue assessment and nerve pathology detection.
  • Management strategies range from conservative treatment (rest, splinting, modification) to surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach combining clinical evaluation and appropriate imaging is essential for diagnosing wrist conditions.
  • Tailored management plans, considering both surgical and non-surgical options, improve patient outcomes.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis leads to timely and effective treatment of wrist pathologies.