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Muscles that Move the Arm

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears

Published on: May 9, 2025

Subscapularis Tendon Tears: How Best to Approach This Issue.

Justin A Magnuson¹, Christian J Coulson², Luke S Oh¹

¹Rothman Orthopaedics Florida at AdventHealth, Orlando, FL.

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review

|December 18, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Subscapularis tears cause shoulder pain and dysfunction, often needing surgery. While some tears improve with conservative care, many require surgical repair, frequently done arthroscopically.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Sports Medicine
Shoulder Arthroscopy

Background:

Subscapularis tears are a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction.
Treatment varies from conservative management to surgical intervention.
Tear severity ranges from partial to irreparable full-thickness tears.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the management of subscapularis tears.
To discuss the spectrum of tear types and their treatment implications.
To highlight the role of arthroscopic techniques in subscapularis repair.

Main Methods:

Literature review of subscapularis tear treatment.
Analysis of conservative versus surgical management options.
Evaluation of open versus arthroscopic repair techniques.

Main Results:

Conservative treatment is effective for some partial tears, especially in older patients.
Many subscapularis tears necessitate surgical intervention for pain and dysfunction.
Arthroscopic techniques are increasingly preferred for subscapularis repair over open procedures.

Conclusions:

Subscapularis tears present a spectrum of pathology requiring tailored treatment.
Surgical intervention is often necessary for symptomatic tears.
Arthroscopic repair offers a viable and successful approach for most subscapularis tears.