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Understanding Homelessness Among Young People to Improve Outcomes.

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Over 4 million young people face homelessness in the U.S. annually. The Risk Amplification and Abatement Model (RAAM) framework highlights how social interactions influence housing, health, and behaviors for homeless youth.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Youth homelessness affects 4.2 million individuals in the U.S. during adolescence and emerging adulthood.
  • Existing research often focuses on risk and vulnerability, necessitating a developmental perspective.
  • Understanding developmental trajectories is crucial for preventing and ending youth homelessness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review U.S. youth homelessness research since 2010 using the Risk Amplification and Abatement Model (RAAM).
  • To contextualize the landscape of youth homelessness research within developmental frameworks.
  • To inform future interventions and policy recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of U.S. youth homelessness research published since 2010.
  • Application of the Risk Amplification and Abatement Model (RAAM) as a conceptual framework.
  • Analysis of risk and resilience factors across social and institutional interactions.

Main Results:

  • The RAAM framework integrates risk and resilience, emphasizing socialization processes.
  • Socialization with family, peers, and institutions significantly impacts housing, health, and behavioral outcomes.
  • Identified gaps in research and areas for future investigation.

Conclusions:

  • The RAAM model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding youth homelessness.
  • Positive and negative socialization processes are critical determinants of outcomes for homeless youth.
  • Future research and interventions should adopt a developmental and ecological approach, incorporating resilience factors.